Social Responsibility Strategy Report Essay Sample free essay sample

Paradigm. a wellness information start-up. is a joint venture formed in the 2nd one-fourth of 2012 by two Fortune 200 companies for the intent consolidating diverse engineering portfolios and bettering wellness information sciences solution offerings to infirmaries and wellness attention suppliers. As a start-up. Paradigm is still in the procedure of constructing a company civilization understanding its societal duty function within affected communities. Social duty is a signifier of corporate self-management that tightly integrates into the concern theoretical account and operations of an organisation. In pattern. societal duty encourages forces at all degrees of the company to non merely see the method of gross coevals. but that the supporting activities are performed in a mode consistent with societal and ethical concerns ( Feigenbaum. 2013 ) . In the undermentioned subdivisions four constituents of a societal duty scheme for Paradigm will be examined: environment. ethical leading. organisational viability and the jurisprudence. For each constituent considerations relative to Paradigm’s current operations will be offered and when specific action is required. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility Strategy Report Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page a recommendation of the following stairss to be taken that align with the aim of making a socially responsible organisation. Environmental Considerations and RecommendationsCompanies involved in societal duty enterprises frequently seek to voluntarily extinguish operational patterns that might negatively impact the environment. regardless of whether ordinances exist obliging them to make so. Unlike production installations where risky waste may be a concern. Paradigm’s merchandise is composed of spots and bytes of machine codification used to make wellness information sciences package. That does non intend there are non of import environmental considerations that should be included within Paradigm’s societal duty scheme. In fact. three considerations relative to current operations should be examined: office installations. consumable stuffs and non-operational green enterprises. In the following subdivision the environmental impact of the current operational program for office installations will be examined. The first consideration is the optimum usage of installations. Chiefly based within the United States of America. Paradigm leases office infinite in multiple major metropoliss. There are two specific concerns related to installations that should be accommodated within an environmental constituent of a societal duty scheme: efficient usage of office infinite and energy. In one of the larger installations Paradigm leases three floors of premium office infinite for about 80 employees – the chartered infinite is designed to suit four times that figure. This inefficiency leads to blow energy used to heat. visible radiation and conveyance employees to and from the different floors. In add-on to this infinite misdirection. all installations have computing machine equipment and lighting that remain active during non-operational hours. devouring extra energy with no operational benefit. Like optimum usage of installations. the following consideration examines how consumable stuffs fit into an environmentally friendly societal duty scheme. The 2nd consideration is the efficient usage of consumable stuffs. Chiefly a package development organisation. Paradigm employs about five 100 employees worldwide in offices where consumable stuffs are widely used. Two specific concerns related to consumable stuffs that should be accommodated within a societal duty scheme are: commissariats for recycling and greater use of reclaimable stuffs. In all of the installations paper printouts. canned sodium carbonate. Styrofoam cups. plastic utensils. composition board bowls and home bases are the norm. These consumable stuffs are used in big measure. daily. by Paradigm forces without commissariats for recycling or non-consumable options. These stuffs fill landfills and pollute the environment unnecessarily. Like efficient usage of consumable stuffs. the following consideration examines how non-operational green enterprises contribute to an environmentally friendly societal duty scheme. The 3rd consideration is the execution of non-operational green enterprises. As antecedently mentioned. Paradigm leases office infinite within multiple major metropoliss. Two specific concerns related to non-operational green enterprises that should be accommodated within a societal duty scheme are: use of mass theodolite and flexible programming adjustments. In each United States based office. Paradigm’s installations are located within one metropolis block of a mass theodolite hub or interstate main road. Use of mass theodolite and public or in private sponsored carpooling plans cut down CO2 emanations and theodolite cost to forces ( Schmalenberg. 2013 ) . In add-on. companies presenting flexible programming options to forces. such as four twenty-four hours work hebdomads or telecommuting. farther cut down the impact of transit emanations that negatively affect the environment. A societal duty scheme that includes adjustments for non-operational green enterprises will positi vely impact the environment while advancing cost-saving coaction among forces. In the old subdivisions we examined three considerations for incorporation into an environmentally friendly societal duty scheme: optimum usage of installations. efficient usage of consumable stuffs and options. every bit good as execution of non-operational green enterprises. For Paradigm to integrate these considerations into their societal duty scheme the undermentioned activities are recommended: consolidate installations to optimally utilize chartered office infinite. implement energy salvaging policies that cut down off-hour energy ingestion. implement recycling enterprises. promote forces to use reclaimable stuffs as an option to consumables. subsidise aggregate theodolite and carpooling enterprises every bit good as provide scheduling flexibleness to forces to minimise clip in theodolite. Through the debut of these operational alterations and incorporation of the considerations identified into Paradigm’s societal duty scheme. the company can recognize greater net incom es while impacting positive environmental alteration. Ethical Leadership ConsiderationsAn effectual corporate societal duty scheme starts with the leading. No company can trust to successfully implement a sustainable scheme without senior leading showing the rules themselves. which engenders trust with all stakeholders – including forces. clients. service suppliers and the environing communities. In the undermentioned subdivision three considerations of the ethical leading constituent of a societal duty scheme for Paradigm will be examined: unity. engagement and execution. In the following subdivision the necessity of unity in and the affects will be examined. One of the foundational constituents of ethical leading is unity. Recent dirts on Wall Street have demonstrated the importance of unity in the concern sector with 1000000s affected by the dishonest activities of corrupt corporate leading. Any societal duty scheme that fails to see the necessity of unity within its leading will finally neglect. When concern unity is modeled throughout an organisation it becomes an of import constituent of the civilization and can distinguish an organisation from its competition – finally impacting the long term success ( Moment. 2013 ) . To guarantee leading unity within Paradigm. a societal duty scheme should include a policy of transparence and commissariats for revelation that protect stakeholders. Ethical leaders need to be accountable for their actions. this requires a committedness to the following consideration of ethical leading: engagement. Ethical leading engagement is more than engagement in the societal duty schemes of a company. alternatively it is the consistent public presentation demonstrated in both manner and action ( Heathfield. 2013 ) . Ethical leaders exemplify the rules they promote and exhibit. through engagement and action. the corporate values to internal and external audiences. In pattern. vouching engagement would be best ensured by policies necessitating all Paradigm forces to take part in preparation Sessionss where the organisational societal duty scheme and rules can be communicated. Like engagement. the concluding consideration evaluates the activities that ethical leaders would take to guarantee a societal duty scheme is efficaciously implemented. Execution is the apogee of vision. planning and executing. Modern concern has come to the realisation that staying competitory requires execution of a societal duty scheme. However many battle with the inquiry of â€Å"where† and â€Å"how† to get down ( Berete. 2013 ) . The first measure in execution of a corporate societal duty scheme for Paradigm is the designation of stakeholders. normally defined as any single or group that would be affected by the corporate activities. Once the stakeholders have been identified so the statements of corporate values and codification of behavior can be assembled and used as tools for building of the corporate societal duty scheme. In this subdivision three considerations of the ethical leading constituent of a societal duty scheme for Paradigm were examined: unity. engagement and execution. With unity the necessity for corporate transparence and policies implementing it were reviewed. The importance of leading engagement was discussed and how ethical leaders can show engagement through action. Finally the subject of execution was explored and the practical stairss Paradigm can utilize to build and implement a corporate societal duty scheme. In the following subdivision considerations and recommendations sing the viability of Paradigm will be evaluated. Organizational Viability Considerations and RecommendationsAnother constituent of a societal duty scheme is organisational viability. As the current universe fiscal crises have demonstrated. the basicss of corporate sustainability schemes are more of import than of all time. Over the long-run. the viability of Paradigm will be measured by its endurance and continued ability to prolong net incomes. In the undermentioned subdivision three considerations for guaranting organisational viability will be discussed: concern continuity. comprehensive duty and sustained public presentation. The first consideration for organisational viability is concern continuity. Business continuity represents a long-run scheme for turn toing catastrophes that could impact operations. such as natural catastrophes. inclement conditions. fires or public-service corporation break. Such events represent a menace to continued operations and the ability of a company to supply the goods and services that feed the bottom line. Corporations seeking long-run viability work to extenuate these hazards through well-organized programs that help warrant concern continuity during instabilities in the economic system. inclement conditions and new ordinance ( Pojasek. 2013 ) . Relative to Paradigm. the nature of its cloud hosted operations and merchandise require a comprehensive concern continuity program to suit any affect to operations. While concern continuity looks to turn to external factors that affect operations. the following consideration addresses how organisations can internally advance duty to impact external alteration. Comprehensive duty is another of import consideration when measuring organisational viability. Companies recognize that in order to stay feasible and have the chance to go on operations that they must make so responsibly. Acknowledging the duties requires an appraisal of cardinal factors. such as the environment. the corporate and local community. economic public presentation and influence every bit good as attachment with regulating regulative organic structures and policy. This frequently requires socially responsible organisations to implement operational policies and plans that empower forces to impact positive alteration for the environment. community and the bottom line. For Paradigm. as a wellness information services supplier. this is particularly of import as failure to turn to corporate duties would thin the message of supplying advanced merchandises and services in the health care sphere. The 3rd consideration when measuring organisational viability is sustained public presentation. Many organisations seek to make plans and operational models to drive continued growing and bottom line public presentation. Companies implementing these models have shown superior fiscal public presentation when compared to those that do non ( Pojasek. 2013 ) . Such models utilize outstanding indexs and hiting mechanisms to quantify growing and fiscal public presentation. Sustained public presentation requires continual betterment in procedure to run into germinating market demands with the benefit of recognizing the continued chance to positively impact the environment. community and bottom line. Paradigm will be measured by its endurance and continued ability to prolong net incomes. In this subdivision three considerations for guaranting organisational viability were discussed: concern continuity. comprehensive duty and sustained public presentation. For Paradigm to accomplish organisational viability it is recommended that the undermentioned actions be initiated: implement a catastrophe recovery program to see concern continuity. develop a scheme with stakeholders and relevant regulative organic structures to see continuity in action and messaging is consistent with the corporate societal duty scheme. and implement an operational model that supports the sustained public presentation aims. Through execution of these recommendations Paradigm can prolong organisational viability by turn toing the keys to the ternary bottom line: people. planet and net income. In the following subdivision legal and regulative considerations relevant to Paradigm will be discussed. Legal and Regulatory ConsiderationsAs a service supplier of health care information sciences merchandises and services. Paradigm is responsible for carry oning operations in conformity with local and federal jurisprudence every bit good as regulative organic structures regulating wellness information exchange. In the undermentioned subdivision three considerations for guaranting legal and regulative conformity will be discussed: wellness information privateness. export jurisprudence and employment jurisprudence. The first legal consideration impacting Paradigm is wellness information privateness. As a supplier of patient wellness information. Paradigm is capable to the privateness and security criterions outlined in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. The HIPAA Privacy Rule provides federally guaranteed protections for single wellness information held by covered entities and provides patients enumerated rights with regard to that information. The Privacy Rule is defined to allow the revelation of personal wellness information required for patient attention and other critical intents while the Security Rule specifies a series of administrative. physical. and proficient safeguards used to see the unity. confidentiality and handiness of protected wellness information electronically ( Congress. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2013 ) . For Paradigm this means that the merchandises. hosting services and operations all must be designed to protect any sens itive information in a unafraid manner and continually assessed for conformity with the guidelines enumerated within the HIPAA Privacy and Security regulations. The 2nd consideration impacting Paradigm is export jurisprudence. As Paradigm is an information engineering supplier operating in eight states it is capable to the Export Administration Regulations as defined by the Bureau of Industry and Security. The Export Administration Regulations enforce licensing demands on the distribution or export of a broad assortment of points that are managed for national security or foreign policy grounds. This policy requires the acquisition of a licence from the U. S. Government before let go ofing assorted types of engineering to foreign entities ( Congress. U. S. Bureau of Industry and Security. 2013 ) . For Paradigm this ordinance requires the acquisition of licences for export of engineering and may curtail gross revenues chances to foreign entities where limitations prohibit the sale or usage of specific security engineerings. such as encoding. The 3rd consideration impacting Paradigm is United States employment jurisprudence. The U. S. Department of Labor administers a figure of major legislative acts and ordinances that affect concerns runing within the United States. Paradigm employees a big figure of foreign subjects that have received work mandate from the United States and are covered by the Immigration and Nationality Act which is administered by the Office of Foreign Labor and Certification ( Congress. Work Authorization for non-U. S. Citizens. 2013 ) . This act provides for employment of foreign workers in certain forte businesss such as package technology. For Paradigm this ordinance requires continued monitoring and care of visas and conformity with section of labour and in-migration jurisprudence. In this subdivision three considerations for guaranting legal and regulative conformity were discussed: wellness information privateness as described within the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. export jurisprudence as governed by Export Administration Regulations and relevant employment jurisprudence as regulated by the Immigration and Nationality Act. Mentions Berete. M. ( 2013. 02 09 ) . Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) .Retrieved from Examiner. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tester. com/article/implementing-corporate-social-responsibility-csr Congress. U. S. ( 2013. 02 09 ) . U. S. Bureau of Industry and Security. Retrieved from U. S. Department of Commerce: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Bi. physician. gov/policiesandregulations/index. htm Congress. U. S. ( 2013. 02 09 ) . U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from HHS. gov: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Department of Health and Human Services. gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/index. html Congress. U. S. ( 2013. 02 09 ) . Work Authorization for non-U. S. Citizens. Retrieved from U. S. Department of Labor: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dol. gov/elaws/elg/h1b. htm Feigenbaum. E. ( 2013. 02 03 ) . Social Responsibility Strategies. Retrieved from eHow Money: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/info_8350322_social -responsibility-strategies. html Heathfield. S. ( 2013. 02 10 ) . Trust Rules: The Most Important Secret about Trust. Retrieved from About. Com Human Resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //humanresources. about. com/od/workrelationships/a/trust_rules. htm Moment. R. ( 2013. 02 10 ) . The 7 Principles of Business Integrity. Retrieved from Web Pro News: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. webpronews. com/the-principles-of-business-integrity-2004-07 Pojasek. R. ( 2013. 02 09 ) . Scheme is Merely a Start. Retrieved from GreenBiz: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. greenbiz. com/blog/2008/11/09/strategy-only-start? page=full Schmalenberg. G. ( 2013. 02 03 ) . Reducing Company CO2 the easy manner. Carpool. Flex-hours and Telecommuting. Retrieved from SustainabilityCulture. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //sustainabilityculture. com/archives/437

50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses 50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses 50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses By Mark Nichol Have you noticed how many terms for musical phenomena have been adopted into general discourse? Sometimes it’s difficult to determine whether the musical term was later associated with a general definition, or whether the general usage came first, but take note of these musically derived or related words: 1. Ad lib (from ad libitum): an improvisation 2. Baroque: elaborate, extravagant, and/or flamboyant 3. Beat: a brief measure or pause 4. Cadence: a sequence or measure of rhythm 5. Choir: a group of people sharing beliefs or values (â€Å"preaching to the choir†) 6. Chord: the target of a stimulus (â€Å"strike a chord†) 7. Chorus: a unified response (â€Å"a chorus of approval†) 8. Coda: a conclusion 9. Conductor: someone who organizes an enterprise or scheme 10. Crescendo: a high point 11. Cue: a signal to start or do something or cause it to happen 12. Downbeat: pessimistic 13. Duet: an action undertaken by a union of two people 14. Encore: an additional performance or achievement 15. Ensemble: a group in which no one person stands out 16. Falsetto: an unnaturally high voice 17. Fanfare: celebratory attention 18. Finale: a concluding performance or act 19. Gig: a job or assignment 20. Impromptu: spontaneous, improvised 21. Interlude: a planned interruption or intervening period 22. Leitmotif: a recurring overarching idea 23. Maestro: an accomplished person 24. Medley: a series or other collection of ingredients or actions 25. Opera: extended to â€Å"soap opera,† the slang term for domestic radio and later television dramas (so called because detergent manufacturers often sponsored these programs aimed at homemakers) and â€Å"horse opera,† another name for westerns (plural of opus) 26. Opus: a major work 27. Orchestrate: to organize strategically, with a possible connotation of conniving or conspiracy 28. Overtone: a suggestion or connotation 29. Overture: an invitation or act of persuasion 30. Pitch: the nature of a sound based on its frequency, or a degree of interest (â€Å"fever pitch†) 31. Prelude: a preliminary to a main action 32. Prologue: an introduction 33. Reprise: a repeated performance 34. Requiem: a composition in any medium to honor the dead or a failed effort 35. Resonance: an evocation of feeling or sense 36. Rhapsodic: any overwrought or elaborate creative effort or speech (â€Å"waxing rhapsodic†) 37. Riff: a verbal performance, especially as in a fast and furious routine by a stand-up comedian; also refers to a brief witticism or to a variation, synonymous with the informal noun take 38. Rock: to be very impressive or pleasing (â€Å"That rocks!†), to inspire excitement (â€Å"The band rocked the concert hall†), or to flaunt an ostentatious style of clothing or coiffure (â€Å"She rocked her new boots†) 39. Serenade: an effort to persuade 40. Solo: alone 41. Staccato: a suggestion of speed rather than simply detached sounds (â€Å"staccato bursts of gunfire†) 42. Suite: a collection or set 43. Tempo: speed or rate 44. Theme: subject or style 45. Timbre: the distinguishing quality of a voice 46. Tone: the quality of expression in writing or speaking as well, and the quality of a physical form 47. Unison: agreement or union 48. Upbeat: optimistic 49. Virtuoso: one particularly skilled in an endeavor 50. Waltz: to move in a bold, confident, or lively manner (â€Å"She triumphantly waltzed into the room†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsDisappointed + PrepositionTypes of Ignorance

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) - Coursework Example The Social Learning theory argues that the tendencies to be involved in violent acts can be transmitted from one generation to the other. The Feminist Theory, on the other hand, argues that male dominance in the society has an overall effect on how relationships work and are based (Jewkes, 2002). From an assessment point, violence may be caused by among other factors stress from the workplace or general hardships from life itself, partners who experienced child abuse are also more likely to be involved in violent acts, poverty is also a contributing factor (Bachman & Saltzman, 1995), Use of drugs and alcohol is also another factor that causes IPV. Children who have been raised in families that have very strict family values and traditions are also likely to experience these bouts of violence (Bachman & Saltzman, 1995). From the case study, we can learn a few things. Mrs. Jacques has been through violent lifestyle right from when she was young. Based on the description of her children that have been given, the Social Learning Theory has been extended to her children by her. In addition, her youngest son has been shown to exhibit violent behavior by being very rough with her siblings and when playing and not following instructions which are traits that are directly attributable to Mr. Jacques. In another case is that where we are shown of the feminist theory. Mrs. Jacques believes that she has to be very supportive of her husband and believes that he is always right. Her mother also approves of this when she says that she should stay at home with the kids. Another assumption that has been made is where Mr. Jacques could have been violent as a result of work or his overuse of drugs. Mr. Jacques could also have come from a background that was overly strict and, thus, he might have carried forward those attributes to his family. To be able to engage the family there should be a number of factors to consider, such as the willingness of family members to be engaged. However, the first step should involve engaging the parents before heading to the kids who are obviously affected by the events in the family. Mr. Jacques needs to deal with his outbursts, get a job and also quit his drinking problem.  

Chinese Film Crows and Sparrows directed by Zheng Junli et al (1949) Essay

Chinese Film Crows and Sparrows directed by Zheng Junli et al (1949) commentary - Essay Example As such, the developer of the film, Zheng Junli adopts a critical view of the society as he addresses numerous issues affecting the citizenry at the time through artistic portrayal of numerous thematic issues in the film. Arguably, the success of the film, Crows and Sparrows arose from the artistic innovation exhibited by the developers. The film is a criticism of the early Chinese society during the revolutionary ages. The developer strives to recreate the events. In doing this, the developer employs numerous film creation techniques in enhancing the recreation process. The setting of the fictional storyline is the war-torn Chine with the war influencing the successive plot for the film. However, in order to create the setting the developer portrays his creativity and innovation as the position the story line in the society. Among the key features that portray the developer’s creativity is the selection of appropriate characters in the film. The film stars Zhao Dan and Sun Daolin both of who are professional actors. The two among the many other characters in the film portray their professionalism thus enhancing the success of the film in its recreation of the society. In retrospect, arts are relative. Such is a fundamental argument that validates the numerous techniques used in the creation of the film. The development of the film contributed to the burgeoning film industry in China as the time. Just as was the case with many other films that debut at the time, the film exhibited creativity and

What actions might be taken by the government of (one country) to Essay

What actions might be taken by the government of (one country) to reduce and limit price fluctuations of coffee - Essay Example If the price of any product fluctuates highly then the government can limit the fluctuation through minimum and maximum prices, also referred to as price flooring and price ceiling respectively (Dineshbakshi, 2015). The government can set a maximum price which must be below the equilibrium price of coffee in order to be effective and disallow trading above that price level (Dineshbakshi, 2015). As, the price is below the equilibrium it will lead to excess demand and eventually lead to a shortage. In such cases there will also be some consumers who will be willing to buy coffee at a higher price than the price set by the government and this will lead to black markets being created (Dineshbakshi, 2015). The situation cannot be left this way and let the economic situation of the country worsen, thus further actions are required by the government (Dineshbakshi, 2015). Government may take total control of supplying these goods or even producing goods itself (Dineshbakshi, 2015). But the problem may remain as people may not sell all their stock of coffee and black markets may still remain. On the other hand if the government takes control of the production in its hand, it will be accompanied with may management and other technical issues. The government can also help in eliminating this black market and the shortage in the market by supplying coffee from its own stocks (Dineshbakshi, 2015). All these steps by the government will lead to the supply curve shifting rightwards, achieving equilibrium and eliminating shortage (Dineshbakshi, 2015). On the other hand, if the government sets a minimum price which must be above the equilibrium price in order to be effective and ban trading lower than that price level; it may also help in reducing price fluctuations (Dineshbakshi, 2015). As the price is set above the equilibrium price it will lead to higher supply and lower demand leading to a surplus of coffee in the market (Dineshbakshi, 2015). Surplus can also be catered

Dissolving Aluminium Chloride in Water

Dissolving Aluminium Chloride in Water A controlled variable is a variable that stays the same throughout an experiment such as: adding a specific amount of water to test tubes filled with different amounts of ammonium chloride. An independent variable is the variable that is changed during an experiment, e.g. different amounts of ammonium chloride added to separate test tubes in an experiment. A dependant variable is a variable that changes because of the independent variable, e.g. the difference of temperatures when the first crystals begin forming in the separate test tubes filled with different amounts of ammonium chloride. In this experiment the controlled variable will be 10mL of water that is added to each test tube filled with ammonium chloride. The independent variable will be the different amounts of ammonium chloride put into each test tube. The dependant variable will be the temperature of the first crystals appearing in the test tubes filled with different amounts of ammonium chloride that are dissolved in water. Ammonium Chloride Ammonium chloride is a substance which has the molecular formula NH‚„Cl and is highly soluble in water. It was first manufactured during the 13th century in Egypt and Europe and was originally known as sal ammoniac. It is used for a variety of purposes. In medicine it is used as an expectorant, which clears the phlegm from the bronchi, lungs and trachea area. It is also used as a component in dry cell batteries, an ingredient in cough medicine and as a dietary supplement to maintain pH levels. (See http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ammonium-chloride.htm . Last Updated March 13th 2013.) Solubility Solubility is when a substance is dissolved in a solvent such as water. This is then measured in g/100mL to calculate the solubility of that substance in the solvent, e.g. The solubility of 50g of Ammonium chloride would be shown as 50g/100mL of water. Solubility is a method used to calculate how much of a substance can be dissolved in a solvent. This method can be explained in three different ways: a saturated solution, an unsaturated solution and a supersaturated solution. (See also: Study on Chemistry 1, page 295-96.) A saturated solution is where no more solute can dissolve in the solvent at a specific temperature.  [1]  An unsaturated solution is where more solute can be added to dissolve in the solvent at a specific temperature.  [2]  However, a supersaturated solution is where an unexpected amount of solute can still be dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature. A supersaturated solution can only be achieved (with difficulty) by changing the conditions of the saturated solution.  [3]   In this experiment, the substance is Ammonium chloride and the solvent is water and when mixed together, the Ammonium chloride dissolves. Repeating this with different amounts of ammonium chloride gives us the solubility of Ammonium chloride in g/100mL of water. When adding more ammonium chloride, the max amount of the substance that can dissolve in the solvent is discovered, this is called a saturated solution. If a specific amount of ammonium chloride that always dissolves in g/100mL of water is used, it is called an unsaturated solution because more of the substance can be added to the solvent, to dissolve. If the saturated solution of the substance is reached but more of the substance is added and surprisingly dissolves in the solvent, it is called a supersaturated solution. This experiment can consist of a saturated or an unsaturated solution because the solubility of Ammonium chloride in water is unknown. (See also: URLs displayed in bibliography with a * next to it) Solubility Curve Solubility curve is a graph of solubility vs temperature. Solubility curves are used to predict the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature. Solvents A solvent is a substance that is either a liquid, solid or gas that dissolves a solute to create a solution. The maximum amount of a substance that any solvent can dissolve depends on the temperature of the solvent, e.g. If water can dissolve a maximum of 30g of ammonium chloride at 50 °C, but the temperature was increased to 60 °C it could dissolve more of the ammonium chloride. There are two categories of solvents: polar and non-polar solvents. A polar molecule has two sides; one is positive and the other negative, also known as a dipolar molecule. Polar molecules have polar bonds, though some can have polar bonds but are non-polar molecules. This is because the polar bonds are arranged in a way that they cancel each other out. The overall polarity of a molecule depends on the direction of the bond dipoles in a molecule which is determined by the shape of the molecule. Polar solvents can have a small electrical charge because of the shape of the compound. A compound such as water has the hydrogen atoms at opposite angles of the oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms can create a small electrical charge because of the direction of the bond dipoles, which is determined by the shape of the hydrogen atom. A molecule may mix in a polar solvent if it has a polarity of its own. Salt and sugar both dissolve in water easily because their molecules are attracted to the small electrical charges of water. Non-polar solvents dont have an electrical charge and cannot mix with a polar solvent. Polar and non-polar solvents use a dielectric constant to provide a rough measure of the solvents polarity. Dielectric constants are the electrical properties of a solvent using a capacitor, in which electrical currents pass through. Non-polar solvents are considered to have a dielectric constant of less than 15. The polarity index measures the ability of a solvent to dissolve different polar materials. The results of both these tests are used in a table of common solvents and in future can be used for identifying solvents in chemical processes. (See also: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-polar-solvent.htm : Last Updated: 14th March 2013.) (See also: http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/pdf/solvent.miscibility.pdf : Last Updated 14th March 2013.) Polar and non polar solvents are related to this experiment because water is a polar solvent and ammonium chloride is a polar solute. This means that the two can mix together. If either one was a non-polar solvent or solute, they wouldnt mix because they dont have a positive or negative pole that binds them together. Endothermic Reactions An endothermic reaction is where a product absorbs energy from its surroundings, causing its surroundings to drop in temperature. In an exothermic chemical reaction the reactants have more energy than the products. However, in an endothermic chemical reaction the products have more energy than the reactants because it absorbs the energy from the reactants and the environment. If ammonium chloride is added in a beaker filled with water and dissolved, the beaker would become cold. This is because it is an endothermic reaction, where the ammonium chloride absorbs the energy from the solvent (water) and its surroundings. This is why we heat ammonium chloride, so that more of it can be dissolved in a solvent (water) and the temperature will not drop rapidly. (See also http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/chemreac/energychangesrev1.shtml : Last Updated 14th March 2013.) What is being investigated? The idea of this investigation is to observe what happens when ammonium chloride is added in a test tube filled with a specific amount of water and heated. The next part of the investigation is to observe what happens when the product is allowed to cool. How is it being investigated? This experiment is being investigated by using a range of equipment. An electronic balance is being used to weigh the ammonium chloride and get an accurate result, and a burette to measure an accurate, 10mL of water which is added into a test tube with the ammonium chloride. An electric hot plate is then used to heat up this mixture, and dissolve it while in the process of heating. Next, a retort stand is used to cool down the mixture, so that you dont have to hold the test tube with your hand since it would be really, really hot! Finally, a digital thermometer is used to get a result of the temperature of when something happens in the test tube, when it is cooling down. These results of the experiment are written down and put into tables and graphs so that others may understand how the results were gathered using these equipment. How will the results be analysed? The results will be analysed by finding trends in the statistics that have been written down. These results will then be put into a table and graph. The table will be analysed to investigate if there are any results that dont fit in and if there is a reason why this result occurred during the experiment. The graph will be analysed by finding if there is a trend between the results on the graph (e.g. a constant) and how they match up. Next, the graph is analysed by checking if there is any inconsistencies or results that seem out of place. Finally, the graph is analysed by testing or checking the results to see if they are correct or incorrect. Materials solid ammonium chloride 2 retort stands 500 ml beaker Hand lens 250 mL distilled water burette burette holder large clean test tube electric hot plate spatula stirring rod digital thermometer 2 retort stand clamps heat mat electronic balance black card safety glasses Method 4gms of solid ammonium chloride was measured and the actual mass was recorded. The solid ammonium chloride was put into the large clean test tube. The burette was filled with distilled water till the level reached 10mL. This 10mL of water was added to the large clean test tube with the solid ammonium chloride. 300mL of hot water was added to the 500mL beaker. The beaker was placed on the electric hot plate. The beaker was heated up to boiling temperature and the large test tube was slowly placed inside with the water level in the beaker 3cm higher than the water level inside the test tube using the retort stand and clamp. The mixture in the test tube was gently stirred using the glass stirring rod until dissolved. The large test tube was removed from the beaker after the solid ammonium chloride dissolved and allowed to cool. The large test tube was stirred and watched using the hand lens and the black card to observe the first crystals form. The digital thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the first crystals forming. The mixture was then heated up again and using steps 7 -11 the process was repeated two more times to get the most accurate results of the crystals forming with 4gms of solid Ammonium Chloride. Steps 1 13 was repeated again using 5g, 6g and 7g of solid ammonium chloride. Discussion Trends The results in Table 1, 2 and Graph 1 all have one trend in common; as the temperature increases, the solubility of ammonium chloride increases. This trend shows that the results are reliable but not valid because graph 2, which is the accepted results, shows that the solubility curve of the two graphs do not match i.e. the values do not match but they follow the same pattern. Another trend in the results is the temperature, which shows that for the solubility of ammonium chloride, each gram that was tested roughly differs by 7 °C. This trend is neither reliable nor valid because they do not match graph 2 and the patterns in the graph are different. Saturated, Unsaturated or Supersaturated These results also indicate that this could be a saturated solution, unsaturated or a supersaturated solution because 4g of ammonium chloride dissolved in water at a temperature of 73.43 °C, though the 7g of ammonium chloride dissolved at a higher temperature of 94.56 °C meaning that it took longer to dissolve 7g than 4g. This, in turn, shows that if more ammonium chloride was added to the 7g of ammonium chloride it would have taken longer to dissolve and once it passed boiling temperature water would have evaporated till there was no solvent left and there would still be ammonium chloride. This would mean that 4, 5, 6 and 7g of ammonium chloride was an unsaturated solution. This is an error because it is completely different when compared to the result of graph 2. This error means that something occurred during the experiment which made the ammonium chloride at a higher temperature or simply a random error where the water was heated before the ammonium chloride was put into the beaker. This error has significantly changed the result as it has increased the temperature of dissolution when it should be a lot lower. Comparison (validity and reliability) Table 1 shows the 4, 5, 6 and 7 grams of ammonium chloride was tested three times to get the most accurate result. These three results were then divided to give an average. The average of the 6 and 7 grams of ammonium chloride in comparison to graph 2 is reliable because the solubility of ammonium chloride increases with the temperature. The average of the 4 and 5 grams of ammonium chloride in comparison to graph 2 could be reliable but the percentage of error is too high for this to be acceptable meaning that there was an error in the consistency of the experiment. Graph 1: Solubility of Ammonium Chloride shows the four averages of each test of ammonium chloride, with a trend-line that predicts the solubility of ammonium chloride between 0 °C and 100 °C. In addition the graph shows that when you keep adding more and more ammonium chloride the temperature for it to dissolve will increase, but only by a few degrees each time. Graph 2: Accepted Values Solubility of Ammonium Chloride are the accepted values of the solubility of ammonium chloride. In comparison to graph 1, both graphs have a curve, though graph 1 has more curve than graph 2, where the curve is very slight. Graph 1 and 2 do not match at all, meaning that there are errors and/or inconsistences in this experiment. Table 1, 2 and Graph Solubility of Ammonium Chloride all fit the theory that ammonium chloride dissolves in water. When we match up all the results in this experiment, they clearly do not match the accepted values. The accepted values are vastly different as graph 1 shows that 39.99 grams of ammonium chloride dissolves at 73.43 °C and graph 2 shows that 39.99 grams of ammonium chloride dissolves at roughly 28.12 °C. The results fit the theory because all four tests of ammonium chloride dissolved in water. The only factors that could have changed this outcome could have been the amount of substance in a solvent which is heated to a specific temperature. In the end graph 1 explains as the temperature increases, so will the amount of ammonium chloride that dissolves. Errors Possible errors that could have occurred during the experiment are: the solid didnt dissolve properly, temperature could have been wrong during the cooling down process, the recrystallization of the ammonium chloride in water was difficult to judge and malfunction of equipment could have caused errors. The reason why the solid might not have dissolved is because the temperature might not have been high enough or I didnt stir it enough. In the case of a random error the solid might not have dissolved but the eye might not have been able to see a very small particle even with a small magnifying glass. The reason the temperature could have been wrong is because when I stirred the mixture, the heat from the bottom of the test tube would have mixed with the cool temperature at the top of the test tube, meaning that when you saw the first crystals appearing the temperature could have still been changing. During the experiment the ammonium chloride solution from the first trials was recycle d to be used for further trials. This could have changed the purity of the ammonium chloride because it looked very different to the normal ammonium chloride. This could mean that while the weight did not present a problem, it may have not been completely dry which could affect the results. The malfunction of equipment could have occurred without my knowledge, such as the balance scale being inaccurate (e.g. the small empty cupcake cups on the scale did not balance at 0). Another malfunction could have occurred with the thermometer not working properly. The loss of ammonium chloride not dissolving could have lowered the solubility of the substance. The likelihood of the scale not working is very low and could be counted as a random error, but if it wasnt working the solubility of the substance would be lower than expected if there was less ammonium chloride and higher if there was more ammonium chloride. The recrystallization could have been the exact same as normal solid ammonium chloride or it could have weighted more or less. This would make the answer higher if the ammonium chloride weighed more than it should. Overall I believe the results and answers I recorded might have been a bit too high or even low, but I definitely know that they arent exact. One way to possibly improve the experiment is to use the exact amount of water and ammonium chloride to get a measurement of solubility (g/100mL). This would prove to be more accurate and would be better suited in a beaker, on top of the electric hot plate as the heat would be dispe rsed around the entire beaker. Further investigations that could be included into this experiment could be finding out the saturated solution of ammonium chloride at a specific temperature. This would be good because it is very likely that every group would get different results and have to explain more in their discussion about errors and if they think that their answer is valid or not. Improvements One way to possibly improve the experiment is to use the exact amount of water to get a measurement of solubility (100mL). This would prove to be more accurate and would be better suited in a beaker placed on an electric hot plate as the heat would be dispersed around the entire beaker. Further investigations that could be included could be finding out the saturated solution of ammonium chloride at a specific temperature. This would be good because it is very likely that every group would get different results and have to explain more in their discussion about errors and if they think that their answer is accurate or not. Conclusion In conclusion I discovered that 4, 5, 6 and 7 grams of solid ammonium chloride was soluble in water at different temperatures. The hypothesis that different amounts of ammonium chloride will dissolve in water at varying temperatures was answered. The results that I recorded werent valid because they did not match the accepted values, though the results were reliable in some cases as they did have a pattern and this pattern matched the accepted values.

The Importance of Being Earnest Essay -- Literary Analysis

Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest is a timeless comedy of manners in which two young, light-hearted men, pretend their names are ‘Ernest’ in a bid to impress their love interests, who both believe the name Ernest bestows magical qualities on the possessor. Throughout the play, Wilde uses a mix of social drama, melodrama and farce to appeal to the audience. Through his gentle use of parody Wilde is able to ridicule his contemporaries and attack the values and attitudes of Victorian society, such as; wealth, hierarchy, respectability, morality and self- interest. Via satirical dialogue and dramatic irony Wilde is able to reveal the moral hypocrisy at the heart of the Victorian era. The title â€Å"The importance of being Earnest† places an ironical importance on a plot about men leading ‘double lives’, lying to family and friends about their private lives, so they can take trips away and do the things they really want to do. Both Jack and Algernon lead a double life, a life separate from their family and friends; Jack uses his imaginary brother ‘Ernest’ to escape his life in the country. Whilst Algernon uses his imaginary friend ‘Bunbury’ to escape social gatherings, suggesting that both men find the stresses of society and their lives extremely restrictive, and in order to escape the constraints of society they must lie or deceive. Via his play Wilde claims that the majority of Victorian society wears some sort of social mask. Many critics have argued that each character depicted in the play is an extension of Wilde himself, and that Algernon and Jack’s ‘double life’ represent Wilde’s own alter ego which hid his homosexuality and many of his illicit affairs from a society that frowned upon homosexual acts. Through his p... ...being Earnest and other plays page 325 http://www.shmoop.com/importance-of-being-earnest/writing-style.html Oscar wilde the importance of being earnest and other plays page 304 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/earnest http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/earnest/themes.html Donohue and Berggren 1995, p.281 http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/111841-The-Title-The-Importance-Being-Earnest.aspx Kumaraditya Sarkar York notes, the importance of being earnest, pg. 6 The importance of being earnest and other plays Page 297 http://www.gradesaver.com/the-importance-of-being-earnest/study-guide/about/ 22/04/2012 http://sexualityinart.wordpress.com/2009/02/27/the-importance-of-being-earnest-a-comedy-of-manners-and-culture-revealing-double-lives-and-universal-truths/ 6/04/2012 http://dreamhawk.com/inner-life/the-importance-of-being-earnest/ 6/04/2012

The blue head

From deep water came the crocodile. Out of black water, curved with whirlpools, and Into the frill of gold shallows by the stepping-stones. He was twice the length of a tall man; and inside him, among the stones which he had swallowed to lad digestion, rolled a silver bracelet. Timber was being floated down this great Indian river from forests further up, and there were sleepers lying stuck around the stones until someone came to dislodge them and send them on their way, or until floods lifted them and Jostled them along.The crocodile had no need to hide himself. He came to rest In the glassy shallows, among logs, and balanced there on tiptoe on the rippled sand, with only his raised eyes out of the water, and raised nostrils breathing the clean sunny air. Around him broad sparkling water traveled between cliffs and grass and forested hills. A jungle track came out of scrub each side and down to the sun-whitened stepping-stones on which a little flycatcher was flirting and trilling along.The mugger crocodile, blackish brown above and yellowy white under, lay motionless, able to wait for ever till food came. This antediluvian saurian?this prehistoric Juggernaut, erectors and formidable, a vast force in the water, propelled by the unimaginable and irresistible power of the huge tail, lay lapped by ripples, a throb in his throat. His mouth, running almost the whole length of his head, was closed and fixed in that evil bony smile, and where the yellow underside came up to It, It was tinged with green.From the day, perhaps a hundred years ago, when the sun had hatched him in a sandbank, and he had broken his shell, and got his head out and looked around, ready to snap at anything before he was even fully hatched?from that day, when he ad at once made for the water, ready to fend for himself Immediately. He had lived by his brainless craft and ferocity. Escaping the birds of prey and the great carnivorous fishes that eat baby crocodiles, he has prospered, catching a ll the food he needed, and storing it till putrid In holes in the bank.Tepid water to live in and plenty of rotted food grew him to his great length. Now nothing could pierce the inch-thick armored hide. Not even rifle bullets, which would bounce off. Only the eyes and the soft underarms offered a place. He lived well In the river, sunning himself sometimes with other crocodiles?muggers, as well as the long-snorted fish-eating sharply? on warm rocks and sandbanks where the sun dried the clay on them quite white, and where they could plop off into the water in a The big crocodile fed mostly on fish, but also on deer and monkeys come to drink, perhaps a duck or two.But sometimes here at the ford he fed on a pi-dog full of parasites or a skeleton cow. And sometimes he went down to the burning Ghats and found the half-burned bodies of Indians cast into the stream. Beside him in the shoals as he lay waiting glimmered a blue gem. It was not a gem, though: it was sand-worn glass that had b een rolling about in the river for a long time. By chance, it was perforated right through?the neck of a bottle perhaps? ?a blue bead.In the shrill noisy village above the ford, out of a mud house the same color as the ground came a little girl, a thin starveling child dressed in an earth-colored rag. She had torn the rag in two to make skirt and sari. Sabina was eating the last of her meal, chapatti wrapped round a smear of green chili and rancid butter; and she divided this also, to make it seem more, and bit it, showing straight white teeth. With her ebony hair and great eyes, and her skin of oiled brown cream, she was a happy immature child-woman about twelve years old.Bare foot, of course, and often gooses-cold on a winter morning, and born to toil. In all her life, she had never owned anything but a rag. She had never owned even one Anna?not a piece, not a p', even, to buy, say, a handful of blown glass beads from that stall in the bazaar where they were piled like stars, or o ne of the thin glass bangles that the man kept on a stick, and you could choose which color you'd have. She knew what finery was, though. She had been with her parents and brothers all through the Jungle to the little town at the railhead where there was this bazaar.And she had walked through all the milling people, and the dogs and monkeys full of fleas, the idling gossiping bargaining humanity spitting betel Juice, heard the bell of a sacred bull clonking as he lumped along through the dust and hubbub. She had paused, amazed, before the sweetmeat stall, to gaze at the brilliant honey confections, abuzz with dust and flies. They smelled wonderful, above the smells of drains and humanity and cheap cigarettes. At home she sometimes tasted wild none, or crunched the syrup out of a stalk of sugar cane. But these sweets were green and magenta.Then there was the cloth stall, stacked with great rolls of new cotton cloth, stamped at the edge with the maker's sign of a tiger's head; and sme lling so wonderful of its But there were other wonders to see: satin sewn with real silver thread, tin trays from Birmingham, and a sari which had got chips of looking-glass embroidered into the border. She Joined the crowd round a Kashmir traveling merchant on his way to the bungalows. He was showing downloaded silks that poured like cream, and he'd got little locked chest with turquoises and opals in it.Best of all, a box which, when you pressed it, a bell tinkled and a yellow woolen chicken Jumped out. There was no end to the wonders of the world. But Sabina, in all her life from birth to death, was marked for work. Since she could toddle, she had husked corn, and gathered sticks, and put dung to dry, and cooked and weeded, and carried, and fetched water, and cut grass for fodder. She was going with her mother and some other women now to get paper grass from the cliffs above the river.When you had enough of it, you could take it down by lock cart to the railhead and sell it to th e agent who would arrange for its dispatch to the paper mills. The women often toiled all day at this work, and the agent sat on silk cushions, smoking a hookah. Such thoughts did not trouble Sabina, however, as she skipped along with her sickle and homemade hauberk beside her mother. You could skip on the way out, but not on the way back when you ached with tiredness, and there was a great load to carry.Some of the women were wearing necklaces made out of ala-ala-begs, the shiny scarlet seeds, black one end, that grew everywhere in the Jungle?it was best to have ewe necklaces each year, instead of last year's faded ones?and Sabina was making one too. How nice it was going to be to hear that rattling swish round her neck, as she brushed along with lots of necklaces. But each seed, hard as stone, had to be drilled with a red-hot needle, and the family needle was snapped, so she must wait till they could buy another.Oh for strings and strings of glass and beads?anklets, earrings, inse rting, bangles? all the gorgeous dazzle of the bazaar?all her little golden body decorated! Chattering as they went, the women followed the dusty track toward the river. On their way, they passed a Gujarat encampment of grass huts where these nomadic grazers would live for a time until their animals had perhaps finished all the easy grazing within reach, or they were not able to sell enough of their white butter and white milk in the district, or there was no one to buy the young male buffaloes for tiger-bait.Or perhaps a cattle-killing tiger was making a nuisance of himself. Then they move wrinkled at the ankles, and in their ears large silver rings made out of melted rupees; and one of them was clinking a stick against the big brass graphs in which they etched water from the river for the camp, to see which ones were empty. The men and boys were out of camp Just now with the herd or gone to the bazaar to sell produce, but one or two buffaloes were standing about, creatures of grea t wet noses and moving Jaws and gaunt black bones.The Sugars were Jungles, as Sabina was too, born and bred in the forest. For countless centuries, their forebears had lived like this, getting their living from animals, from grass and trees, as they scratched their food together, and stored their substance in large herds and silver Jewelry. They were Man in the wandering Pastoral Age, not Stone Age Hunters, and not yet Cultivators. Ah, now there was the river, twinkling between the trees, sunlit beyond dark trunks. They could hear it rushing along. The women came out on the shore, and made for the stepping-stones.They had plenty to laugh and bicker about, as they approached the river in a noisy crowd. They girded up their skirts, so as to Jump from stone to stone, and they clanked their sickles and forks together over their shoulders to have ease of movement. They shouted their quarrels above the gush of the river. Noise frightens crocodiles. The big mugger did not move, and all the women crossed in safety to the other bank. Here they had to climb a still hillside to get at the grass, but all fell to with a will, and sliced away at it wherever there was foothold to be had.Down below them ran the broad river, pouring powerfully out from its deep narrow pools among the cold cliffs and shadows, spreading into warm shallows, lit by kingfishers. Great turtles lived there, and amasser weighing more than a hundred pounds. Crocodiles too. Sometimes you could see them lying out on those slabs of lay over there, but there were none to be seen at the moment. Where Sabina was working, wind coming across hundreds of miles of trees cooled her sweating body, and she could look down over the river as if she were a bird.Although she did not dare stop for a moment under her mother's eye, her imagination took her in swooping flight over the bright water and golden air to the banks where she had played as a child. In those caveats above the high-water mark of the highest flood, s he had stored some little bowls molded of clay while they hardened. If there were anything that elephants. Child! † The sharp word?the glare of her mother's angry sweating face, pulled Sabina back to work, and they toiled on. But at last it was time to go back to see to their animals and the evening meal. The loaded women set out to cross the river again. Sabina hung back.She would Just dawdle a bit and run and see if the little clay cups were still there in the cave, waiting to be painted and used. Although the women were now tired and loaded, they still talked. Those in front yelled to those behind. They crossed the river safely and disappeared up the track into the trees on the other side. Even their voices died away. Silence fell. Sabina came down alone to the stepping-stones. The light of evening was striking up the gorge, pink into the ultraviolet shadows. Now that the sun was off it, the water poured almost invisible among the stones, with no reflection to show where it began.Sabina stepped onto the first stone. She was heavily weighted, her muscles stretched and aching. The hauberk squeaked in the packed dry grass and dug into her collarbone so close under the skin, in spite of the sari bunched up to make a pad. When she was halfway over, she put her load own on a big boulder to rest; and leaned, breathing, on the fork. At the same moment a Gujarat woman came down with two graphs to the water on the other side. In order to get the good clear water, which would quickly fill both graphs to the top without sand, she walked onto the stepping-stones. She was within a yard of the crocodile when he lunged at her.Up out of the darling water heaved the great reptile, water slashing off him, his livid jaws yawning and all his teeth flashing as he slashed at her leg. The woman screamed, dropped both brass pots with a clatter on the boulder, from hence they bounced to the water, and Sabina saw them bob away in the current. Oh, the two good vessels gone. The Gujarat woman recoiled from the crocodile, but his Jaws closed on her leg at the of the timber logs to save herself. The log Jammed between two boulders, with the woman clinging to it and screaming, while the crocodile pulled on her leg, threshing his might tail?bang! ?bang! ?to and fro in great smacking flails as he tried to drag her free and carry her off down into the deeps of the pool. Blood spread everywhere. Sabina sprang. From boulder to boulder she came leaping like a rock goat. Sometimes it had seemed difficult to cross these stones, especially the big gap in the middle where the river coursed through like a bulge of glass. But now she came on wings, choosing her footing in midair without even thinking about it, and in one moment she was beside the shrieking woman. In the boiling bloody water, the face of the crocodile, fastened round her leg, was tugging to and fro, and smiling.His eyes rolled on to Sabina. One slap of the tail could kill her. He struck. Up shot the water, twenty feet, and fell like a silver chain. Again! The rock Jumped under the blow. But in the daily heroism of the Jungle, as common as a thorn tree, Sabina did not hesitate. She aimed at the reptile's eyes. With all the force of her little body, she drove the hauberk at the eyes, and one prong went in?right in?while its pair scratched past on the horny cheek. The crocodile reared up in convulsion, till half his lizard body was out of the river, the tail and nose nearly meeting over his stony back.Then he crashed back, exploding the water, and in an uproar of bloody foam he disappeared. He would die. Not yet, but presently, though his death would not be known for days; to till his stomach, blown with gas, floated him. Then perhaps he would be found upside down among the logs at the timber boom, with pus in his eye. Sabina got her arms round the fainting woman, and somehow dragged her from the water. She stopped her wounds with sand, and bound them with rag, and helped her for treatm ent. Then Sabina went back for her grass and sickle and fork.The fork was lying in the river, not carried away, luckily, and as she bent to pick it up out of the water, she saw the blue bead. Not blue now, with the sun nearly gone, but a no-color white-blue, and its shape wobbling in the movement of the stream. She reached her arm down into a yard of the cold silk water to get it. Missing it first of all, because of refraction. Then there it lay in her wet palm, perfect, even pierced ready for use, with the sunset shuffled about inside it like gold-dust. All her heart went up in flames of Joy.After a bit she twisted it into the top of her skirt against her tummy so she would know if it burst through the poor cloth and fell. Then she picked up her fork and sickle and the heavy grass and set off home. AY! AY! What a day! Her bare feet smudged out the wriggle-mark of snakes in the dust; there was the thin inning of malaria mosquitoes among the trees now; and this track was much used at night by a morose old manna elephant?the Tussles One; but Sabina was not thinking of any of them. The stars came out: she did not notice.On the way back she met her mother, out of breath, come to look for her, and scolding. â€Å"l did not see till I was home, that you were not there. I thought something must have happened to you. † And Sabina, bursting with her story, cried â€Å"Something did! I found a blue bead for my necklace, look! † 1. Think about your own values in relation to Sahib's. Develop a chart to compare the two, sing the following categories: Lifestyle, Threats to Safety, Life Goals, Role of Children, Education, Treasure or Wealth, Nature of Work, Sources of Self-Worth. . The story begins with a detailed description of the crocodile, before shifting to Sahib's perspective. In small groups, discuss why In your discussion, consider other ways that the story could be structured. Share your ideas with the rest of the class. 3. Working in pairs, present Sa hib's story as a news item for a North American television news station. What details will you emphasize? Who will you interview? How will you grab your viewers' attention?

Framing

Decision Making/Framing Millhouse's DecisionDecisions are affected by one's desires, one's motivations and the perception of our surroundings based on others and our past experiences. Milhouse's decision was influenced by such factors. His decision was shaped by the description pitched to him by the salesman. The salesman indicated that this additional part was almost absolutely necessary to ensure the highest quality product and resulting success for the company. In conjunction with this plea of necessity in terms of quality performance, the salesman continued his pitch by stating that not only was this part a great and necessary addition to complement the current equipment, but it was also a great value when thought of in long-term payment opportunities. He was honest about the steep price but was very wise in his presentation of the price by stating that it cost less to purchase this product on a daily comparison of the total price, carefully not mentioning the payment period, than purchasing a soda or r efreshment.English: A woman wearing a bikini inspects a sales...He was successful in pleading his case and his efforts and method of presentation of his product sealed the deal and Milhouse was convinced that this deal was a great value and a healthy business decision.Decision framing is the decision maker's notion of the acts, results and consequences in a particular choice or decision. The shape of scenario or the individual's perception of the scenario will greatly affect a decision. If the salesman for example did not have that payment plan option, the additional part may not sound like such a great value in one lump sum or two mere payments. The alteration of Milhouse's concept of the part will substantially change as the deal no longer sounds as fruitful as in the initial conversation with the salesman. In reality the price has not...

The Battle of Fort Niagara in the French and Indian War

The Battle of Fort Niagara in the French and Indian War Following his defeat at the  Battle of Carillon  in July 1758, Major General James Abercrombie was replaced as the British commander in North America that fall. To take over, London turned to  Major General Jeffery Amherst  who had recently  captured the French fortress of Louisbourg. For 1759 campaign season, Amherst established his headquarters below Lake Champlain and planned a drive against  Fort Carillon  (Ticonderoga) and north to the St. Lawrence River. As he advanced, Amherst intended for  Major General James Wolfe  to advance up the St. Lawrence to attack Quebec. To support these two thrusts, Amherst directed additional operations against the western forts of New France. For one of these, he ordered Brigadier General John Prideaux to take a force through western New York to assault Fort Niagara. Assembling at Schenectady, the core of Prideauxs command consisted of the 44th and 46th Regiments of Foot, two companies from the 60th (Royal Americans), and a company of Royal Artillery. A diligent officer, Prideaux worked to ensure the secrecy of his mission as he knew if the Native Americans learned of his destination it would be communicated to the French. Conflict Dates The Battle of Fort Niagara was fought July 6 to July 26, 1759, during the French Indian War (17654-1763). Armies Commanders at Fort Niagara British Brigadier General John PrideauxSir William Johnson3,945 men French Captain Pierre Pouchot486 men The French at Fort Niagara First occupied by the French in 1725, Fort Niagara had been improved during the course of the war and was situated on a rocky point at the mouth of the Niagara River. Guarded by a 900-ft. battlement that was anchored by three bastions, the fort was garrisoned by slightly less than 500 French regulars, militia, and Native Americans under the command of Captain Pierre Pouchot. Though Fort Niagaras eastward defenses were strong, no effort was made to fortify Montreal Point across the river. Though he had possessed a larger force earlier in the season, Pouchot had forwarded troops west believing his post safe. Advancing to Fort Niagara Departing in May with his regulars and a force of colonial militia, Prideaux was slowed by high waters on the Mohawk River. Despite these difficulties, he succeeded in reaching the ruins of Fort Oswego on June 27. Here he joined with a force of around 1,000 Iroquois warriors which had been recruited by Sir William Johnson. Holding a provincial colonels commission, Johnson was a noted colonial administrator with a specialty in Native American affairs and an experienced commander who had won the Battle of Lake George in 1755. Wishing to have a secure base in his rear, Prideaux ordered the destroyed fort to be rebuilt. Leaving a force under Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Haldimand to complete the construction, Prideaux and Johnson embarked in a fleet of boats and Bateaux and began rowing west along the south shore of Lake Ontario. Evading French naval forces, they landed on three miles from Fort Niagara at the mouth of Little Swamp River on July 6. Having achieved the element of surprise he desired, Prideaux had the boats portaged through the woods to a ravine south of the fort known as La Belle-Famille. Moving down the ravine to the Niagara River, his men began transporting artillery to the west bank. The Battle of Fort Niagara Begins: Moving his guns to Montreal Point, Prideaux began construction of a battery on July 7. The next day, other elements of his command began building siege lines opposite Fort Niagaras eastern defenses. As the British tightened the noose around the fort, Pouchot dispatched messengers south to Captain Franà §ois-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery asking him to bring a relief force to Niagara. Though he had refused a surrender demand from Prideaux, Pouchot was unable to keep his contingent of Niagara Seneca from negotiating with the British-allied Iroquois. These talks ultimately led to the Seneca leaving the fort under a flag of truce. As Prideauxs men pushed their siege lines closer, Pouchot anxiously awaited word of Lignerys approach. On July 17, the battery at Montreal Point was completed and British howitzers opened fire on the fort. Three days later, Prideaux was killed when one of the mortars burst and part of the exploding barrel struck his head. With the generals death, Johnson assumed command, though some of the regular officers, including the 44ths Lieutenant Colonel Eyre Massey, were initially resistant. No Relief for Fort Niagara: Before the dispute could be fully resolved, news arrived in the British camp that Lignery was approaching with 1,300-1,600 men. Marching out with 450 regulars, Massey reinforced a colonial force of around 100 and built an abatis barrier across the portage road at La Belle-Famille. Though Pouchot had advised Lignery to advance along the west bank, he insisted on using the portage road. On July 24, the relief column encountered Masseys force and around 600 Iroquois. Advancing on the abatis, Lignerys men were routed when British troops appeared on their flanks and opened with a devastating fire. As the French retreated in disarray they were set upon by the Iroquois who inflicted heavy losses. Among the multitude of French wounded was Lignery who was taken prisoner. Unaware of the fighting at La Belle-Famille, Pouchot continued his defense of Fort Niagara. Initially refusing to believe reports that Lignery had been defeated, he continued to resist. In an effort to convince the French commander, one of his officers was escorted into the British camp to meet with the wounded Lignery. Accepting the truth, Pouchot surrendered on July 26. The Aftermath of the Battle of Fort Niagara: In the Battle of Fort Niagara, the British sustained 239 killed and wounded while the French incurred 109 killed and wounded as well as 377 captured. Though he had wished to be allowed to depart for Montreal with the honors of war, Pouchot and his command were instead taken to Albany, NY as prisoners of war. The victory at Fort Niagara was the first of several for British forces in North America in 1759. As Johnson was securing Pouchots surrender, Amhersts forces to the east were taking Fort Carillon before advancing on Fort St. Frederic (Crown Point). The highlight of the campaign season came in September when Wolfes men won the Battle of Quebec.

Organization of a Healthcare Facility Assignment

Organization of a Healthcare Facility - Assignment Example In addition, the health facility aims at providing affordable health care to its client. Delver Health Care will be a clinic working under the supervision of qualified physicians who have academically specialised in seven health related issues; dermatology, gynaecology, heart diseases, respiratory disease, surgery and gastroenterology. Mission Delver Health Care exists to ensure that patients suffering from various health conditions are treated by qualified medical practitioners. As such, patients in and around New York are guaranteed of quality medical attention at an affordable rate from the facility. Equally, as a health facility, we are aware that health is the first priority in the life of individuals, thus specialisation is key to our services. Vision â€Å"Delver Health Care will distinguish itself as a leader in specialized health care delivery and will be and together with other willing partners, there will be provision of quality services to patients in the community.† The Impact of Merger and Acquisition According to Sherman 2011, mergers and acquisition is a program that offers the acquirers benefits of great potential and value especially when the objective has been selected carefully,. Never the less, the program is also capable of bringing about risks that are inevitable. To begin with, the program should focus on the integrated efforts that are supposed to influence the expected benefits. As such, the business should focus on working to accomplish its objective. Delver Health Care as For-Profit Business Apparently, for profit organization, it entails professionals who volunteer as consultants, facilitators to various institutions in exchange for payment of services. In light of this, the Doctors Board of America should come up with Delver Health Care as a for -Profit business as a result of a problem they believe they could address. As such, they should come together and decided to offer their services in order to benefit their people or community. Of importance to note is that there must be a good service, a market for the service, which in this case is patients who are in dire need of the services (Heller, 2009). Consequently, the possibility of having Delver Health Care as for profit business denotes that the Doctors Board of America is at liberty to decide what they want to do with the net earning or profit that will be generated by the health care facility. According to a feasibility study conducted through the mandate of the Doctors Board of America, it was found out that over 43 % of the population in New York were individuals who suffered from chronic illnesses particularly heart diseases, but did not find facilities that offered specialised treatment around the city (Stevens, 1998). In relation to this, the Doctors Board of America through a consultant concluded that health care business would only operate as for profit business. Moreover, the feasibility study explains the three main issues revolving the i nception of the health care business; market issues, technical and organizational requirements, and the financial overview. Wolper, 2004 argues that in terms of market issues, it was evident that most people in the region required specialised treatment meaning that, the opening of the health centre would automatically ease

ICT Effect on Teaching Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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